Learning about Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) Diagnosis

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a genetic disease, which occurs when cysts form on the kidneys and interfere with normal kidney function. In the early stages of the disease, there may be no signs or symptoms of kidney problems, so the disease can go unnoticed. Physical checkups and blood and urine tests may not lead to early diagnosis. Once cysts have grown to about one-half inch, however, diagnosis is possible.

When making a Polycystic Kidney Disease diagnosis, the doctor may ask a number of questions associated with the medical history, other medical conditions you may have and whether you have a family history of any conditions, including PKD. Besides, certain tests can be performed to detect the size and number of kidney cysts as well as evaluate the kidney function.

● Ultrasound examination

This a common diagnostic method, in which sound waves passes through the body to create a picture of the kidneys. Ultrasound imaging does not use any injected dyes or radiation, so it is safe for all patients, including pregnant women.

● Other imaging tests

More powerful and expensive imaging procedures, such as computed tomography (CT scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can also detect cysts. Recently, MRI has been used to measure kidney and cyst volume and monitor kidney and cyst growth, which may serve as a way to track progression of the disease.

● Genetic testing

This test can help us detect mutations in the autosomal dominant PKD genes, called PKD1 and PKD2. However, its usefulness is limited by two factors; it cannot predict the onset of symptoms or ultimate severity of the disease, and no specific prevention or cure of the disease is available. On the other hand, this test can help a young person detect the gene mutation, so he may be able to prevent the disease through diet and blood pressure control.

Only with accurate diagnosis, can we treat Polycystic Kidney Disease accordingly, so patients had better make the above knowledge clear.